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hi everybody welcome back to ask Alisha
the weekly series where you ask me
questions and I answer them
maybe first question this week comes
from Sanju hi Sanju Sanju says hi Alicia
I would like to know how to use adverbs
and their correct position in sentences
and I also want to know the different
kinds of adverbs we can use in sentences
okay
adverbs are tricky yes so for this I'm
going to focus on two kind of broad
types of adverbs one I'm going to talk
about the ones that we use to modify
just verbs or to modify like adjectives
and phrases and second I'll talk about
adverbs that we use to modify whole
sentences so first let's take a look at
adverbs that we use to modify like verbs
and adjectives so these types of adverbs
they make the meaning more specific so
like they make the meaning of a verb a
little bit more restrictive so it
becomes a more specific sentence so an
example she walked slowly in this
sentence slowly is the adverb slowly
modifies the verb walked so we're
learning here
how did she walk she walked slowly so
she walked slowly is a more specific
sentence than just she walked let's look
at another example we arrived late in
this sentence late is the adverb the
verb that it's modifying is arrived so
instead of just saying we arrived we can
say we arrived late this gives us more
specific information about the situation
we're learning when did they arrive we
arrived late so late is the adverb here
one more example this view is very
beautiful here very is the adverb in
this case it's modifying an adjective
not a verb the adjective is beautiful so
we want to ask the question how
beautiful was the view very beautiful so
in this way we can modify
Erbs we can modify adjectives and even
phrases in this simple way so with that
in mind now let's take a look at adverbs
that can be used to modify entire
sentences so sometimes these adverbs can
be used to modify just verbs yes but
they can also be positioned so that they
modify entire sentences an example sadly
we lost the match here sadly is the
adverb it modifies the sentence we lost
the match interestingly we never
received a call from our client here
interestingly is the adverb it modifies
the sentence we never received a call
from our client so the positioning here
is kind of important you can position
the adverbs at the beginning of the
sentence or at the end of the sentence
but I would make one point if you're
gonna position the adverb at the end of
the sentence use a comma before the
adverb so if you do this without a comma
and you make a sentence like with the
first example situation we lost the
match sadly it might sound like the team
members were actually like sad in the
match so there might like create some
confusion if you put a comma though
before your adverb at the end of the
sentence it makes things much clearer
for your reader the same thing applies
in the second example situation we never
received a call from our client
interestingly it's kind of confusing
like you might think like you never
received an interesting call from your
client it might create some confusion so
adding a comma there can help make
things clearer so if you want to do that
you can put it at the end of the
sentence I personally prefer in most
cases to put the adverb if it's a
sentence modifying adverb I prefer to
put it at the beginning of the sentence
to prevent any of this confusion while
yes you can make some changes in their
positioning if you're ever not sure
where to place the adverb place it as
closely as possible to the word that
it's modifying so for example the first
example sentence was very simple she
walked slowly but if there's more
information like she walked slowly and
we want to talk about a road - it's much
clearer to say
she walked slowly down the road than it
is to say she walked down the road
slowly so in that second sentence slowly
and the verb that it's modifying walked
are very far apart in the sentence so in
very complex sentences it can get
confusing it's better to keep your
adverbs and the words that they modify
close together if possible so I hope
that this helps you understand a bit
about placement of adverbs and how and
where we use them thanks very much for
sending this question in okay let's move
on to your next question next question
comes from Diana hi Diana Diana says hi
Alicia which one is correct write
something in the chat or on the chat for
example the YouTube chat during the live
stream Thanks oh yeah use in so this is
something I think I say during the live
stream like send us your messages in the
chat or I see something in the chat or
write that in the chat send your example
sentences in the chat when you want to
talk about chat rooms online on YouTube
whatever please use the preposition in
to do that I hope that that helps you
thanks very much for the question okay
let's move on to your next question next
question comes from kes savaris vera
Dara's on hi again Kosovars can Savard
says hi Alicia when can we use hi deer
and other salutations and emails Thanks
nice question so if you're emailing a
close colleague or a close co-worker
there are three that I would recommend
you can use hello first name hi first
name or hey first name I would use hey
only with colleagues or with coworkers
that you are very close to it sounds
quite casual and it might sound a little
bit impolite it might sound a little too
casual if you don't know the other
person very well if you use one of these
plus like mr. or mrs. or MS or something
like that it sounds a little weird like
it might sound a little bit kind of off
balance if you use hey mister so-and-so
like some professors I know and some
like instructors at least in the u.s.
don't mind that kind of thing but in
some cases it can sound a little bit
strange if you're ever not
sure what level of formality to go with
like should I use hey should I use high
should I use hello just go with hello
like hello first name for someone that
you know fairly well hello is nice you
can use hello mister or hello missus
hello miss as well so hello is kind of
the standard level for more formal
salutations you can use dear yes I use
dear when I'm writing to someone that I
feel is a bit above me and maybe I don't
know that person if you want to make it
even more formal use dear mr. MS mrs.
whatever plus their last name don't use
first names if they have a title you
should use that title as well but in
general I think most email
correspondence usually uses hello or
dear in one of those patterns that I've
just mentioned those are probably the
most standard ways to greet people in
emails so I hope that this helps you
thanks very much for the question okay
let's move on to your next question next
question comes from Reuben hi Reuben
Reuben says can you explain the
difference between the words garbage
rubbish and trash yep
they mean the same thing garbage rubbish
and trash mean the same thing but
rubbish is used in British English we
don't really use the word rubbish in
American English also we tend to use the
words garbage and trash when we mean a
garbage can or trash can we don't always
say where's the garbage can we might
just say where's the garbage or where's
the trash but we mean where is the
garbage can or where is the trash can
so trash and garbage can also be used as
very rude words to talk about people
that you dislike so you might hear this
in media I personally don't like to use
those words to talk about people but you
may hear it sometimes rubbish as well as
trash and garbage can also be used to
talk about things you think are of poor
quality so like oh man this phone case
was trash or oh man this shirt is trash
something that's a very poor quality you
can use garbage trash rubbish
but again British English uses rubbish
we don't really use this word in
American English so I hope that that
helped
they mean really the same thing when
you're talking about waste thanks very
much for the question hope that that
helps you let's move on to your next
question next question comes from a
jealous Polly day I'm not sure if I'm
saying that right I apologize if I'm not
but a jealous says uh hi Alicia what
does the phrase knuckle under mean also
what is the correct usage of I with was
and when is were used with I thanks
interesting I have never actually heard
the expression knuckle under but I
researched it and knuckle under means
like to submit or to yield so like when
someone is like pressuring you or trying
to get you to do something and you
finally give up and you like agree okay
fine I'll do that thing you give in
that's called
knuckle under to knuckle under it's like
you can imagine that like someone uses
their knuckle so this part of the body
is called the knuckle you can kind of
imagine someone applies their knuckles
to apply pressure to someone to get them
to do something so this might be a
helpful image when you finally agree to
that thing you like go under their
knuckles like they've pushed you into
the situation or into a task that you
really didn't want to do or it was
difficult to agree to so that's the
meaning of knuckle under some examples
we won't knuckle under to their demands
keep pushing them they'll knuckle under
regarding your second question about
using I was and I were the short answer
is that we use I was to begin simple
past tense statements we use I were to
begin statements that are not true they
are unreal statements for example I was
a teacher five years ago and if I wear a
teacher I would teach math so in the
first example sentence it's a simple
past tense statement I was a teacher
five years ago I use I was to show that
in my second example sentence if I were
a teacher I'm explaining something that
is not true it's an unreal situation so
in this case we imagine I am NOT a
teacher but so I want to explain if I
were a teacher I would teach math so
when we introduce these unreal
situations we use I were so for some
more example sentences and
more discussion about this topic please
check out episode 54 and episode 70 of
this series so I've answered similar
questions from other viewers about the
same topic so I hope that that
information is helpful for you thanks
very much for the question ok that is
everything that I have for this week
thanks as always for sending your great
questions remember to send them at
English class 101.com / ask - alicia of
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thanks very much for watching this
week's episode of ask Alisha and I will
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