1 00:00:00,030 --> 00:00:02,210 each year about sixty thousand flights 2 00:00:02,210 --> 00:00:02,220 each year about sixty thousand flights 3 00:00:02,220 --> 00:00:04,160 each year about sixty thousand flights get cancelled because of bad winter 4 00:00:04,160 --> 00:00:04,170 get cancelled because of bad winter 5 00:00:04,170 --> 00:00:06,410 get cancelled because of bad winter weather which costs airlines and 6 00:00:06,410 --> 00:00:06,420 weather which costs airlines and 7 00:00:06,420 --> 00:00:09,110 weather which costs airlines and airports an estimated three billion 8 00:00:09,110 --> 00:00:09,120 airports an estimated three billion 9 00:00:09,120 --> 00:00:11,660 airports an estimated three billion dollars but it's not the freezing cold 10 00:00:11,660 --> 00:00:11,670 dollars but it's not the freezing cold 11 00:00:11,670 --> 00:00:13,669 dollars but it's not the freezing cold temperatures that caused problems for 12 00:00:13,669 --> 00:00:13,679 temperatures that caused problems for 13 00:00:13,679 --> 00:00:16,670 temperatures that caused problems for planes after all commercial jets fly ten 14 00:00:16,670 --> 00:00:16,680 planes after all commercial jets fly ten 15 00:00:16,680 --> 00:00:18,830 planes after all commercial jets fly ten kilometres up where temperatures hover 16 00:00:18,830 --> 00:00:18,840 kilometres up where temperatures hover 17 00:00:18,840 --> 00:00:22,849 kilometres up where temperatures hover around minus 50 degrees Celsius in fact 18 00:00:22,849 --> 00:00:22,859 around minus 50 degrees Celsius in fact 19 00:00:22,859 --> 00:00:26,359 around minus 50 degrees Celsius in fact planes excel in cold weather since cold 20 00:00:26,359 --> 00:00:26,369 planes excel in cold weather since cold 21 00:00:26,369 --> 00:00:28,900 planes excel in cold weather since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust 22 00:00:28,900 --> 00:00:28,910 air is denser and leads to better thrust 23 00:00:28,910 --> 00:00:31,339 air is denser and leads to better thrust clearly the real problem isn't what's 24 00:00:31,339 --> 00:00:31,349 clearly the real problem isn't what's 25 00:00:31,349 --> 00:00:33,560 clearly the real problem isn't what's going on up there it's what's happening 26 00:00:33,560 --> 00:00:33,570 going on up there it's what's happening 27 00:00:33,570 --> 00:00:40,430 going on up there it's what's happening on the ground when a nasty polar vortex 28 00:00:40,430 --> 00:00:40,440 on the ground when a nasty polar vortex 29 00:00:40,440 --> 00:00:42,880 on the ground when a nasty polar vortex struck the Midwestern u.s. in January 30 00:00:42,880 --> 00:00:42,890 struck the Midwestern u.s. in January 31 00:00:42,890 --> 00:00:46,580 struck the Midwestern u.s. in January 2019 temperatures dropped to negative 40 32 00:00:46,580 --> 00:00:46,590 2019 temperatures dropped to negative 40 33 00:00:46,590 --> 00:00:48,889 2019 temperatures dropped to negative 40 degrees Celsius and Airlines canceled 34 00:00:48,889 --> 00:00:48,899 degrees Celsius and Airlines canceled 35 00:00:48,899 --> 00:00:51,709 degrees Celsius and Airlines canceled 3,000 flights nationwide in these 36 00:00:51,709 --> 00:00:51,719 3,000 flights nationwide in these 37 00:00:51,719 --> 00:00:53,840 3,000 flights nationwide in these situations when temperatures start 38 00:00:53,840 --> 00:00:53,850 situations when temperatures start 39 00:00:53,850 --> 00:00:56,540 situations when temperatures start dropping everything slows down cargo 40 00:00:56,540 --> 00:00:56,550 dropping everything slows down cargo 41 00:00:56,550 --> 00:00:59,029 dropping everything slows down cargo doors can freeze up along with nozzles 42 00:00:59,029 --> 00:00:59,039 doors can freeze up along with nozzles 43 00:00:59,039 --> 00:01:01,520 doors can freeze up along with nozzles that pump fuel into planes which delays 44 00:01:01,520 --> 00:01:01,530 that pump fuel into planes which delays 45 00:01:01,530 --> 00:01:04,310 that pump fuel into planes which delays the refueling process even the plane 46 00:01:04,310 --> 00:01:04,320 the refueling process even the plane 47 00:01:04,320 --> 00:01:06,920 the refueling process even the plane itself can freeze over just a 48 00:01:06,920 --> 00:01:06,930 itself can freeze over just a 49 00:01:06,930 --> 00:01:08,780 itself can freeze over just a quarter-inch thick layer of ice on a 50 00:01:08,780 --> 00:01:08,790 quarter-inch thick layer of ice on a 51 00:01:08,790 --> 00:01:11,210 quarter-inch thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over 52 00:01:11,210 --> 00:01:11,220 plane can disrupt the way air flows over 53 00:01:11,220 --> 00:01:14,570 plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings the number one reason I would 54 00:01:14,570 --> 00:01:14,580 its wings the number one reason I would 55 00:01:14,580 --> 00:01:16,670 its wings the number one reason I would say that the reasons place get delayed 56 00:01:16,670 --> 00:01:16,680 say that the reasons place get delayed 57 00:01:16,680 --> 00:01:18,830 say that the reasons place get delayed in cold weather is going to be because 58 00:01:18,830 --> 00:01:18,840 in cold weather is going to be because 59 00:01:18,840 --> 00:01:20,090 in cold weather is going to be because there's some kind of frozen 60 00:01:20,090 --> 00:01:20,100 there's some kind of frozen 61 00:01:20,100 --> 00:01:24,469 there's some kind of frozen precipitation from frost to snow onto a 62 00:01:24,469 --> 00:01:24,479 precipitation from frost to snow onto a 63 00:01:24,479 --> 00:01:28,280 precipitation from frost to snow onto a sheet of ice adhering to the aircraft a 64 00:01:28,280 --> 00:01:28,290 sheet of ice adhering to the aircraft a 65 00:01:28,290 --> 00:01:30,069 sheet of ice adhering to the aircraft a hurry to the links of the aircraft 66 00:01:30,069 --> 00:01:30,079 hurry to the links of the aircraft 67 00:01:30,079 --> 00:01:32,450 hurry to the links of the aircraft that's less Westbrooks 68 00:01:32,450 --> 00:01:32,460 that's less Westbrooks 69 00:01:32,460 --> 00:01:35,240 that's less Westbrooks a retired airline pilot and associate 70 00:01:35,240 --> 00:01:35,250 a retired airline pilot and associate 71 00:01:35,250 --> 00:01:37,490 a retired airline pilot and associate professor of aeronautical science at 72 00:01:37,490 --> 00:01:37,500 professor of aeronautical science at 73 00:01:37,500 --> 00:01:40,160 professor of aeronautical science at embry-riddle Aeronautical University he 74 00:01:40,160 --> 00:01:40,170 embry-riddle Aeronautical University he 75 00:01:40,170 --> 00:01:41,899 embry-riddle Aeronautical University he says that typically these planes are 76 00:01:41,899 --> 00:01:41,909 says that typically these planes are 77 00:01:41,909 --> 00:01:45,440 says that typically these planes are de-iced but that also delays takeoff the 78 00:01:45,440 --> 00:01:45,450 de-iced but that also delays takeoff the 79 00:01:45,450 --> 00:01:47,719 de-iced but that also delays takeoff the crew can spray the plane with a special 80 00:01:47,719 --> 00:01:47,729 crew can spray the plane with a special 81 00:01:47,729 --> 00:01:50,840 crew can spray the plane with a special hot water glycol mixture it can take 82 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:50,850 hot water glycol mixture it can take 83 00:01:50,850 --> 00:01:52,940 hot water glycol mixture it can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large 84 00:01:52,940 --> 00:01:52,950 around 40 minutes to de-ice large 85 00:01:52,950 --> 00:01:55,730 around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes so planes often have 86 00:01:55,730 --> 00:01:55,740 passenger airplanes so planes often have 87 00:01:55,740 --> 00:01:58,370 passenger airplanes so planes often have to wait their turn for the de-icing 88 00:01:58,370 --> 00:01:58,380 to wait their turn for the de-icing 89 00:01:58,380 --> 00:02:00,800 to wait their turn for the de-icing station which of course can trigger more 90 00:02:00,800 --> 00:02:00,810 station which of course can trigger more 91 00:02:00,810 --> 00:02:03,289 station which of course can trigger more delays and ice on the runway of course 92 00:02:03,289 --> 00:02:03,299 delays and ice on the runway of course 93 00:02:03,299 --> 00:02:06,830 delays and ice on the runway of course creates another set of issues in 2014 a 94 00:02:06,830 --> 00:02:06,840 creates another set of issues in 2014 a 95 00:02:06,840 --> 00:02:09,650 creates another set of issues in 2014 a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway 96 00:02:09,650 --> 00:02:09,660 plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway 97 00:02:09,660 --> 00:02:12,470 plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow leading to an 98 00:02:12,470 --> 00:02:12,480 and into a mound of snow leading to an 99 00:02:12,480 --> 00:02:13,210 and into a mound of snow leading to an hours 100 00:02:13,210 --> 00:02:13,220 hours 101 00:02:13,220 --> 00:02:15,520 hours shut down at the airport and even though 102 00:02:15,520 --> 00:02:15,530 shut down at the airport and even though 103 00:02:15,530 --> 00:02:17,890 shut down at the airport and even though crews can remove ice from the runway 104 00:02:17,890 --> 00:02:17,900 crews can remove ice from the runway 105 00:02:17,900 --> 00:02:19,900 crews can remove ice from the runway scraping it off the pavement can lead to 106 00:02:19,900 --> 00:02:19,910 scraping it off the pavement can lead to 107 00:02:19,910 --> 00:02:22,900 scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes and other imperfections which 108 00:02:22,900 --> 00:02:22,910 potholes and other imperfections which 109 00:02:22,910 --> 00:02:24,700 potholes and other imperfections which makes takeoff and landings more 110 00:02:24,700 --> 00:02:24,710 makes takeoff and landings more 111 00:02:24,710 --> 00:02:27,190 makes takeoff and landings more dangerous and of course snow and 112 00:02:27,190 --> 00:02:27,200 dangerous and of course snow and 113 00:02:27,200 --> 00:02:28,990 dangerous and of course snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect 114 00:02:28,990 --> 00:02:29,000 freezing rain on the ground can affect 115 00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:31,240 freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials 116 00:02:31,240 --> 00:02:31,250 visibility to the point where officials 117 00:02:31,250 --> 00:02:33,850 visibility to the point where officials have to decide it's not safe to fly at 118 00:02:33,850 --> 00:02:33,860 have to decide it's not safe to fly at 119 00:02:33,860 --> 00:02:34,330 have to decide it's not safe to fly at all 120 00:02:34,330 --> 00:02:34,340 all 121 00:02:34,340 --> 00:02:36,580 all but if ice and snow aren't the problem 122 00:02:36,580 --> 00:02:36,590 but if ice and snow aren't the problem 123 00:02:36,590 --> 00:02:38,380 but if ice and snow aren't the problem in these extremely cold temperatures 124 00:02:38,380 --> 00:02:38,390 in these extremely cold temperatures 125 00:02:38,390 --> 00:02:41,470 in these extremely cold temperatures it's usually another factor people of 126 00:02:41,470 --> 00:02:41,480 it's usually another factor people of 127 00:02:41,480 --> 00:02:43,960 it's usually another factor people of the airplane blast on at high absolutely 128 00:02:43,960 --> 00:02:43,970 the airplane blast on at high absolutely 129 00:02:43,970 --> 00:02:46,110 the airplane blast on at high absolutely minus 16 degrees it's made to do that 130 00:02:46,110 --> 00:02:46,120 minus 16 degrees it's made to do that 131 00:02:46,120 --> 00:02:48,970 minus 16 degrees it's made to do that humans are not made to be outside in - 132 00:02:48,970 --> 00:02:48,980 humans are not made to be outside in - 133 00:02:48,980 --> 00:02:53,230 humans are not made to be outside in - ekans weather and so the human factor 134 00:02:53,230 --> 00:02:53,240 ekans weather and so the human factor 135 00:02:53,240 --> 00:02:56,350 ekans weather and so the human factor becomes a big big factor when it becomes 136 00:02:56,350 --> 00:02:56,360 becomes a big big factor when it becomes 137 00:02:56,360 --> 00:02:58,870 becomes a big big factor when it becomes extremely old baggage handlers aircraft 138 00:02:58,870 --> 00:02:58,880 extremely old baggage handlers aircraft 139 00:02:58,880 --> 00:03:01,240 extremely old baggage handlers aircraft fuelers and mechanics all have to stay 140 00:03:01,240 --> 00:03:01,250 fuelers and mechanics all have to stay 141 00:03:01,250 --> 00:03:03,820 fuelers and mechanics all have to stay warm some airports like O'Hare in 142 00:03:03,820 --> 00:03:03,830 warm some airports like O'Hare in 143 00:03:03,830 --> 00:03:06,070 warm some airports like O'Hare in Chicago set up heated shelters for their 144 00:03:06,070 --> 00:03:06,080 Chicago set up heated shelters for their 145 00:03:06,080 --> 00:03:08,170 Chicago set up heated shelters for their employees of course with everyone taking 146 00:03:08,170 --> 00:03:08,180 employees of course with everyone taking 147 00:03:08,180 --> 00:03:10,840 employees of course with everyone taking breaks to warm up not much gets done 148 00:03:10,840 --> 00:03:10,850 breaks to warm up not much gets done 149 00:03:10,850 --> 00:03:13,510 breaks to warm up not much gets done which leads to even more delays and 150 00:03:13,510 --> 00:03:13,520 which leads to even more delays and 151 00:03:13,520 --> 00:03:16,180 which leads to even more delays and cancellations passengers start missing 152 00:03:16,180 --> 00:03:16,190 cancellations passengers start missing 153 00:03:16,190 --> 00:03:18,250 cancellations passengers start missing their connecting flights and that along 154 00:03:18,250 --> 00:03:18,260 their connecting flights and that along 155 00:03:18,260 --> 00:03:19,990 their connecting flights and that along with passengers who can't make it to the 156 00:03:19,990 --> 00:03:20,000 with passengers who can't make it to the 157 00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:22,420 with passengers who can't make it to the airport due to bad road conditions leads 158 00:03:22,420 --> 00:03:22,430 airport due to bad road conditions leads 159 00:03:22,430 --> 00:03:25,060 airport due to bad road conditions leads to half-empty planes in fact many 160 00:03:25,060 --> 00:03:25,070 to half-empty planes in fact many 161 00:03:25,070 --> 00:03:26,890 to half-empty planes in fact many airlines might preemptively cancel 162 00:03:26,890 --> 00:03:26,900 airlines might preemptively cancel 163 00:03:26,900 --> 00:03:29,860 airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits so 164 00:03:29,860 --> 00:03:29,870 flights before bad weather even hits so 165 00:03:29,870 --> 00:03:31,990 flights before bad weather even hits so in the end you can still blame the cold 166 00:03:31,990 --> 00:03:32,000 in the end you can still blame the cold 167 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:34,600 in the end you can still blame the cold weather for canceling your flight but 168 00:03:34,600 --> 00:03:34,610 weather for canceling your flight but 169 00:03:34,610 --> 00:03:36,510 weather for canceling your flight but unfortunately it's out of our control 170 00:03:36,510 --> 00:03:36,520 unfortunately it's out of our control 171 00:03:36,520 --> 00:03:40,060 unfortunately it's out of our control all you can do is stay home bundled up 172 00:03:40,060 --> 00:03:40,070 all you can do is stay home bundled up 173 00:03:40,070 --> 00:03:42,970 all you can do is stay home bundled up with a mug of hot cocoa or go back to 174 00:03:42,970 --> 00:03:42,980 with a mug of hot cocoa or go back to 175 00:03:42,980 --> 00:03:44,560 with a mug of hot cocoa or go back to your hotel I suppose if you're stranded 176 00:03:44,560 --> 00:03:44,570 your hotel I suppose if you're stranded 177 00:03:44,570 --> 00:03:46,900 your hotel I suppose if you're stranded somewhere hang out in the lobby have the 178 00:03:46,900 --> 00:03:46,910 somewhere hang out in the lobby have the 179 00:03:46,910 --> 00:03:48,460 somewhere hang out in the lobby have the worst coffee you've ever had in your 180 00:03:48,460 --> 00:03:48,470 worst coffee you've ever had in your 181 00:03:48,470 --> 00:03:50,890 worst coffee you've ever had in your life while you get on the phone with the 182 00:03:50,890 --> 00:03:50,900 life while you get on the phone with the 183 00:03:50,900 --> 00:03:54,459 life while you get on the phone with the airline to try and get your money back