1 00:00:00,480 --> 00:00:03,270 moving at about 28 000 kilometers per 2 00:00:03,270 --> 00:00:03,280 moving at about 28 000 kilometers per 3 00:00:03,280 --> 00:00:03,750 moving at about 28 000 kilometers per hour 4 00:00:03,750 --> 00:00:03,760 hour 5 00:00:03,760 --> 00:00:06,309 hour through temperatures of up to 3 500 6 00:00:06,309 --> 00:00:06,319 through temperatures of up to 3 500 7 00:00:06,319 --> 00:00:07,590 through temperatures of up to 3 500 degrees fahrenheit 8 00:00:07,590 --> 00:00:07,600 degrees fahrenheit 9 00:00:07,600 --> 00:00:09,910 degrees fahrenheit spacex crew dragon capsule and the 10 00:00:09,910 --> 00:00:09,920 spacex crew dragon capsule and the 11 00:00:09,920 --> 00:00:11,509 spacex crew dragon capsule and the astronauts inside 12 00:00:11,509 --> 00:00:11,519 astronauts inside 13 00:00:11,519 --> 00:00:13,749 astronauts inside safely re-entered earth's atmosphere on 14 00:00:13,749 --> 00:00:13,759 safely re-entered earth's atmosphere on 15 00:00:13,759 --> 00:00:14,629 safely re-entered earth's atmosphere on august 2nd 16 00:00:14,629 --> 00:00:14,639 august 2nd 17 00:00:14,639 --> 00:00:16,310 august 2nd welcome back to planet earth and thanks 18 00:00:16,310 --> 00:00:16,320 welcome back to planet earth and thanks 19 00:00:16,320 --> 00:00:17,910 welcome back to planet earth and thanks for flying spacex 20 00:00:17,910 --> 00:00:17,920 for flying spacex 21 00:00:17,920 --> 00:00:20,310 for flying spacex the world nervously watched the historic 22 00:00:20,310 --> 00:00:20,320 the world nervously watched the historic 23 00:00:20,320 --> 00:00:22,470 the world nervously watched the historic launch the first from u.s soil in 24 00:00:22,470 --> 00:00:22,480 launch the first from u.s soil in 25 00:00:22,480 --> 00:00:25,830 launch the first from u.s soil in almost a decade on may 30th 2020 26 00:00:25,830 --> 00:00:25,840 almost a decade on may 30th 2020 27 00:00:25,840 --> 00:00:27,990 almost a decade on may 30th 2020 but it's this landing that elon musk 28 00:00:27,990 --> 00:00:28,000 but it's this landing that elon musk 29 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:28,950 but it's this landing that elon musk most feared 30 00:00:28,950 --> 00:00:28,960 most feared 31 00:00:28,960 --> 00:00:30,790 most feared here's what had to go right in order to 32 00:00:30,790 --> 00:00:30,800 here's what had to go right in order to 33 00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:33,670 here's what had to go right in order to bring bob benkin and doug hurley home 34 00:00:33,670 --> 00:00:33,680 bring bob benkin and doug hurley home 35 00:00:33,680 --> 00:00:35,990 bring bob benkin and doug hurley home there are two main reasons why reentry 36 00:00:35,990 --> 00:00:36,000 there are two main reasons why reentry 37 00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:37,830 there are two main reasons why reentry is the most dangerous part of the 38 00:00:37,830 --> 00:00:37,840 is the most dangerous part of the 39 00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:38,709 is the most dangerous part of the mission 40 00:00:38,709 --> 00:00:38,719 mission 41 00:00:38,719 --> 00:00:41,750 mission extreme speed and temperature spacex and 42 00:00:41,750 --> 00:00:41,760 extreme speed and temperature spacex and 43 00:00:41,760 --> 00:00:43,990 extreme speed and temperature spacex and nasa had to think about these factors in 44 00:00:43,990 --> 00:00:44,000 nasa had to think about these factors in 45 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:46,869 nasa had to think about these factors in three key ways the first pain point was 46 00:00:46,869 --> 00:00:46,879 three key ways the first pain point was 47 00:00:46,879 --> 00:00:49,350 three key ways the first pain point was finding the precise angle for re-entry 48 00:00:49,350 --> 00:00:49,360 finding the precise angle for re-entry 49 00:00:49,360 --> 00:00:51,270 finding the precise angle for re-entry not steep enough the crew dragon would 50 00:00:51,270 --> 00:00:51,280 not steep enough the crew dragon would 51 00:00:51,280 --> 00:00:52,950 not steep enough the crew dragon would have bounced right off the atmosphere 52 00:00:52,950 --> 00:00:52,960 have bounced right off the atmosphere 53 00:00:52,960 --> 00:00:54,389 have bounced right off the atmosphere and back into orbit 54 00:00:54,389 --> 00:00:54,399 and back into orbit 55 00:00:54,399 --> 00:00:56,790 and back into orbit too sharp or too fast and the astronauts 56 00:00:56,790 --> 00:00:56,800 too sharp or too fast and the astronauts 57 00:00:56,800 --> 00:00:57,590 too sharp or too fast and the astronauts could have faced 58 00:00:57,590 --> 00:00:57,600 could have faced 59 00:00:57,600 --> 00:00:59,830 could have faced fatal gravitational forces and the 60 00:00:59,830 --> 00:00:59,840 fatal gravitational forces and the 61 00:00:59,840 --> 00:01:01,990 fatal gravitational forces and the spacecraft could have caused enough drag 62 00:01:01,990 --> 00:01:02,000 spacecraft could have caused enough drag 63 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:02,869 spacecraft could have caused enough drag to break up 64 00:01:02,869 --> 00:01:02,879 to break up 65 00:01:02,879 --> 00:01:05,109 to break up and disintegrate then even at the 66 00:01:05,109 --> 00:01:05,119 and disintegrate then even at the 67 00:01:05,119 --> 00:01:05,990 and disintegrate then even at the correct angle 68 00:01:05,990 --> 00:01:06,000 correct angle 69 00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:08,630 correct angle moving at about 25 times the speed of 70 00:01:08,630 --> 00:01:08,640 moving at about 25 times the speed of 71 00:01:08,640 --> 00:01:10,070 moving at about 25 times the speed of sound through the atmosphere 72 00:01:10,070 --> 00:01:10,080 sound through the atmosphere 73 00:01:10,080 --> 00:01:13,109 sound through the atmosphere creates extreme friction which produces 74 00:01:13,109 --> 00:01:13,119 creates extreme friction which produces 75 00:01:13,119 --> 00:01:15,910 creates extreme friction which produces super heated plasma a heat shield has to 76 00:01:15,910 --> 00:01:15,920 super heated plasma a heat shield has to 77 00:01:15,920 --> 00:01:16,550 super heated plasma a heat shield has to deflect 78 00:01:16,550 --> 00:01:16,560 deflect 79 00:01:16,560 --> 00:01:18,550 deflect and absorb the energy created by the 80 00:01:18,550 --> 00:01:18,560 and absorb the energy created by the 81 00:01:18,560 --> 00:01:20,789 and absorb the energy created by the plasma at 3 500 degrees 82 00:01:20,789 --> 00:01:20,799 plasma at 3 500 degrees 83 00:01:20,799 --> 00:01:23,190 plasma at 3 500 degrees the shield gets hot enough to glow but 84 00:01:23,190 --> 00:01:23,200 the shield gets hot enough to glow but 85 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:25,030 the shield gets hot enough to glow but musk said due to the crew dragon's 86 00:01:25,030 --> 00:01:25,040 musk said due to the crew dragon's 87 00:01:25,040 --> 00:01:26,469 musk said due to the crew dragon's asymmetric design 88 00:01:26,469 --> 00:01:26,479 asymmetric design 89 00:01:26,479 --> 00:01:28,630 asymmetric design the craft could have over-rotated during 90 00:01:28,630 --> 00:01:28,640 the craft could have over-rotated during 91 00:01:28,640 --> 00:01:29,590 the craft could have over-rotated during re-entry and 92 00:01:29,590 --> 00:01:29,600 re-entry and 93 00:01:29,600 --> 00:01:32,149 re-entry and diverted plasma into launch escape pods 94 00:01:32,149 --> 00:01:32,159 diverted plasma into launch escape pods 95 00:01:32,159 --> 00:01:33,109 diverted plasma into launch escape pods on the side 96 00:01:33,109 --> 00:01:33,119 on the side 97 00:01:33,119 --> 00:01:34,870 on the side if that happened the ship could have 98 00:01:34,870 --> 00:01:34,880 if that happened the ship could have 99 00:01:34,880 --> 00:01:36,390 if that happened the ship could have overheated in some parts 100 00:01:36,390 --> 00:01:36,400 overheated in some parts 101 00:01:36,400 --> 00:01:38,550 overheated in some parts or started wobbling causing the crew to 102 00:01:38,550 --> 00:01:38,560 or started wobbling causing the crew to 103 00:01:38,560 --> 00:01:39,670 or started wobbling causing the crew to lose control 104 00:01:39,670 --> 00:01:39,680 lose control 105 00:01:39,680 --> 00:01:41,590 lose control the plasma caused a six-minute 106 00:01:41,590 --> 00:01:41,600 the plasma caused a six-minute 107 00:01:41,600 --> 00:01:43,590 the plasma caused a six-minute communications blackout between the crew 108 00:01:43,590 --> 00:01:43,600 communications blackout between the crew 109 00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:44,149 communications blackout between the crew dragon 110 00:01:44,149 --> 00:01:44,159 dragon 111 00:01:44,159 --> 00:01:48,310 dragon and earth dragon spacex com check 112 00:01:48,310 --> 00:01:48,320 and earth dragon spacex com check 113 00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:50,310 and earth dragon spacex com check so if anything went wrong in that moment 114 00:01:50,310 --> 00:01:50,320 so if anything went wrong in that moment 115 00:01:50,320 --> 00:01:51,350 so if anything went wrong in that moment remote control 116 00:01:51,350 --> 00:01:51,360 remote control 117 00:01:51,360 --> 00:01:54,550 remote control would have been impossible in 2019 118 00:01:54,550 --> 00:01:54,560 would have been impossible in 2019 119 00:01:54,560 --> 00:01:56,789 would have been impossible in 2019 auditors listed parachute problems as a 120 00:01:56,789 --> 00:01:56,799 auditors listed parachute problems as a 121 00:01:56,799 --> 00:01:58,630 auditors listed parachute problems as a key risk to nasa's commercial crew 122 00:01:58,630 --> 00:01:58,640 key risk to nasa's commercial crew 123 00:01:58,640 --> 00:01:59,429 key risk to nasa's commercial crew program 124 00:01:59,429 --> 00:01:59,439 program 125 00:01:59,439 --> 00:02:01,350 program and the physics turbulence a space 126 00:02:01,350 --> 00:02:01,360 and the physics turbulence a space 127 00:02:01,360 --> 00:02:02,950 and the physics turbulence a space capsule parachute goes through 128 00:02:02,950 --> 00:02:02,960 capsule parachute goes through 129 00:02:02,960 --> 00:02:04,310 capsule parachute goes through is one of the most difficult 130 00:02:04,310 --> 00:02:04,320 is one of the most difficult 131 00:02:04,320 --> 00:02:06,789 is one of the most difficult calculations for researchers 132 00:02:06,789 --> 00:02:06,799 calculations for researchers 133 00:02:06,799 --> 00:02:08,790 calculations for researchers spacex and nasa had to design a 134 00:02:08,790 --> 00:02:08,800 spacex and nasa had to design a 135 00:02:08,800 --> 00:02:10,710 spacex and nasa had to design a completely new system for the crew 136 00:02:10,710 --> 00:02:10,720 completely new system for the crew 137 00:02:10,720 --> 00:02:11,430 completely new system for the crew dragon 138 00:02:11,430 --> 00:02:11,440 dragon 139 00:02:11,440 --> 00:02:13,589 dragon after multiple versions and dozens of 140 00:02:13,589 --> 00:02:13,599 after multiple versions and dozens of 141 00:02:13,599 --> 00:02:16,630 after multiple versions and dozens of tests the mark iii design was approved 142 00:02:16,630 --> 00:02:16,640 tests the mark iii design was approved 143 00:02:16,640 --> 00:02:18,869 tests the mark iii design was approved even so musk's worry was that they might 144 00:02:18,869 --> 00:02:18,879 even so musk's worry was that they might 145 00:02:18,879 --> 00:02:20,550 even so musk's worry was that they might not deploy correctly 146 00:02:20,550 --> 00:02:20,560 not deploy correctly 147 00:02:20,560 --> 00:02:22,309 not deploy correctly or that the system would guide the crew 148 00:02:22,309 --> 00:02:22,319 or that the system would guide the crew 149 00:02:22,319 --> 00:02:25,910 or that the system would guide the crew dragon to the wrong splashdown location 150 00:02:25,910 --> 00:02:25,920 dragon to the wrong splashdown location 151 00:02:25,920 --> 00:02:27,670 dragon to the wrong splashdown location all these risks were assessed and 152 00:02:27,670 --> 00:02:27,680 all these risks were assessed and 153 00:02:27,680 --> 00:02:29,910 all these risks were assessed and calculated six ways to sunday 154 00:02:29,910 --> 00:02:29,920 calculated six ways to sunday 155 00:02:29,920 --> 00:02:32,309 calculated six ways to sunday as musk told aviation week but they 156 00:02:32,309 --> 00:02:32,319 as musk told aviation week but they 157 00:02:32,319 --> 00:02:34,710 as musk told aviation week but they could never be fully done away with 158 00:02:34,710 --> 00:02:34,720 could never be fully done away with 159 00:02:34,720 --> 00:02:37,229 could never be fully done away with nasa estimated that there was a one in 160 00:02:37,229 --> 00:02:37,239 nasa estimated that there was a one in 161 00:02:37,239 --> 00:02:38,390 nasa estimated that there was a one in 276 162 00:02:38,390 --> 00:02:38,400 276 163 00:02:38,400 --> 00:02:40,790 276 chance of this mission being fatal but 164 00:02:40,790 --> 00:02:40,800 chance of this mission being fatal but 165 00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:42,630 chance of this mission being fatal but both benkin and hurley told us 166 00:02:42,630 --> 00:02:42,640 both benkin and hurley told us 167 00:02:42,640 --> 00:02:44,630 both benkin and hurley told us they were comfortable with those odds 168 00:02:44,630 --> 00:02:44,640 they were comfortable with those odds 169 00:02:44,640 --> 00:02:46,630 they were comfortable with those odds luckily that bet paid off 170 00:02:46,630 --> 00:02:46,640 luckily that bet paid off 171 00:02:46,640 --> 00:02:48,390 luckily that bet paid off we can officially call this historic 172 00:02:48,390 --> 00:02:48,400 we can officially call this historic 173 00:02:48,400 --> 00:02:50,070 we can officially call this historic mission a success 174 00:02:50,070 --> 00:02:50,080 mission a success 175 00:02:50,080 --> 00:02:52,470 mission a success and spacex is set to fly the same crew 176 00:02:52,470 --> 00:02:52,480 and spacex is set to fly the same crew 177 00:02:52,480 --> 00:02:53,990 and spacex is set to fly the same crew dragon back into space 178 00:02:53,990 --> 00:02:54,000 dragon back into space 179 00:02:54,000 --> 00:03:04,879 dragon back into space with four astronauts in spring of 2021.